How airway cells regenerate after chlorine gas injury

Dec. 19, 2012 ? Scarring of the airways can lead to long-term breathing problems for some people exposed to high levels of chlorine gas from events such as an industrial accident, chemical spill following a train derailment or terroristic chemical warfare. Household mishaps from mixing bleach with acidic cleaning products also can cause release of chlorine gas; if this occurs in a poorly ventilated space, chlorine levels could be high enough to cause lung injury.

University of Louisville scientist Gary Hoyle, Ph.D., School of Public Health and Information Sciences Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, and his team have uncovered new clues in understanding how epithelial cells -- the cells that line the trachea, bronchi and other airways that carry air in and out of the lung -- repair themselves after chlorine gas exposure. The findings were recently published in the American Journal of Physiology -- Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology in the article, Differential Susceptibility of Inbred Mouse Strains to Chlorine-Induced Airway Fibrosis. The research is funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) CounterACT program.

"The repair of injured epithelial cells is necessary to restore normal lung structure and function," Hoyle said. "The goal is to prevent scarring or fibrosis in the airways. It is a race between new epithelial cell growth and scar tissue development, and it takes about five to seven days after chlorine exposure for that to begin."

Following chlorine-related injury, Hoyle found that a type of epithelial cells called basal cells initiated the repair and served as progenitor cells -- early descendants of stem cells that can differentiate to form one or more cell types. The progenitor cells helped restore new tissue in the airways.

"Structural changes in the respiratory system are difficult to reverse, so understanding how cells function and multiply can help us develop treatments to prevent scarring and subsequent asthma-like breathing problems that affect for a life time some people who've experienced high levels of chlorine exposure," Hoyle said.

This type of lung injury also can be caused by other types of industrial chemicals including ammonia, methylisocyanate and sulfur dioxide.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Louisville, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Y. Mo, J. Chen, C. F. Schlueter, G. W. Hoyle. Differential Susceptibility of Inbred Mouse Strains to Chlorine-Induced Airway Fibrosis. AJP: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 2012; DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00272.2012

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/health_medicine/genes/~3/eVAm6N8N-gM/121219084223.htm

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FANTASY SPORTS BOSS 2013 FANTASY BASEBALL DRAFT GUIDE EXCERP: FREE-AGENCY TRACKER

HERE IS A SMALL EXCERPT FROM THE FREE-AGENCY TRACKER SECTION OF THE 2013 FANTASY BASEBALL DRAFT GUIDE:? POST FREE-AGENCY EDITION BY THE FANTASY SPORTS BOSS STAFF.? USE THE BUY NOW TAB ON THE HOMEPAGE TO PURCHASE THE GUIDE.

2013 FANTASY BASEBALL FREE AGENCY/TRADE TRACKER

The Hot Stove League is always a fun time for baseball lovers everywhere.? This is especially true for fantasy baseball players as free agent signings and trades serve to change the outlooks and values of hitters and pitchers based on their new locations and thus their place in your rankigns need to be adjusted to go along with it.? This past off-season surely didn?t lack for action, with a monstrous trade between Toronto and Miami highlighted the chaos.? With the ink barely dry on many of these deals and contracts, let?s take a look at all the key moves and the impact it had from a fantasy baseball angle on those players involved.

HITTERS

1.? Jose Reyes (traded from Miami to Toronto):? We all know Reyes is about as dynamic a player in fantasy baseball as there is, what with is ability to swipe 40 bags and score 100 runs while hitting for a solid average.? Reyes has also settled into the low-to-mid teens when discussing his power.? However his long history of leg injuries is well-chronicled and Reyes getting traded to Toronto was about as bad a landing spot as you could get when it comes to that concern.? The artificial surface in Toronto is murder on a ballplayer?s legs and lower body due to the unforgiving nature of the surface and thus Reyes stands a big time chance of once again hitting the DL with more leg issues.? At 30 years of age, Reyes is also no longer a spring chicken and speed is always the first skill to fade as a player ages.? We feel strongly in suggesting to pass Reyes by on drafts unless the value is terrific due to the this mammoth worry and the headaches that will be coming along for the ride.

2.? Shane Victorino (signs three-year deal with Boston Red Sox):?
Victorino was a surprise signing by the Red Sox for three years and $39 million.? Coming off an 11 HR/39 SB season, Victorino is still supplying nice juice when it comes to his rotisierre numbers.? The Red Sox are gambling a bit here though as Victorino is turning 33 in 2013 and investing so much money in a guy whose average is now slipping and whose speed could go at a moment?s notice is a big gamble.? There is less risk as far as Victorino is concerned for fantasy baseball burposes this season as Fenway park will surely help delay any statistical fall that could arrive as he continues to age.

******THE REST OF THE GUIDE CAN BE PURCHASED ON THE HOMEPAGE USING THE BUY NOW TAB.******

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/FantasySportsBoss/~3/WYwxq1aOpdw/fantasy-sports-boss-2013-fantasy_19.html

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Top 10 Ergonomic New Year Resolutions for a Healthy Life ...

If you are looking for some simple ways to make your life a whole lot better, then ergonomics can help. Whether you have a repetitive stress injury, a difficult job, or just want to live a better and healthier life, these ergonomic New Year Resolutions can have dramatic effects.

1. Exercise

Exercise 30-60 minutes three times a week. It is simple yet effective and you will thank yourself for sticking with this resolution. Your overall health is critical to all things ergonomic.
The healthier you are the more productive you are. You will also be able to resist developing repetitive stress injuries better. Poor overall health is a key cause for developing a repetitive stress injury.

When you settle on an exercise make sure you research what repetitive stress injuries you might develop from it and how to prevent them.

2. Stretch

Stretching is one of the simplest things you can do for your health. The health benefits are phenomenal and you can get a good stretch in as little as two minutes (though longer is better).
Stretching increases blood flow and reduces fatigue. It invigorates and de-stresses the body. Stretch at least once every two hours.

3. Drink Water

Drink 8 glasses of pure water a day. There?s more to how much you should drink daily but 8 glasses is a good rule of thumb. It doesn?t get much simpler than this.
Proper hydration is often overlooked as a factor in injury and fatigue, but it can be the main culprit behind it. Being dehydrated ruins your body and your mood. Just drink and you?ll feel, act and work better.
Top 10 Ergonomic New Year Resolutions for a Healthy Life

4. Evaluate Your Workspace for Ergonomic Improvements

Take a look at how you work and what you do. Find ways to improve it. You can use a task analysis to identify areas that could be made more efficient. Then use sound ergonomic principles to adjust the task or tools to make things more comfortable and efficient.
If you work at a desk or computer you can follow this guide to setting up an ergonomic computer station.

5. Evaluate Your Tools

Ergonomic tools come in many forms. Use them. Whether it is a pen, a chair or a gardening trowel, chances are someone has developed an ergonomic tool for you. The problem is that calling it ergonomic doesn?t make it ergonomically sound. Check out the ergonomic buying guide for good candidates.

6. Evaluate Your Sleeping Conditions

If you do not sleep well you will not feel or act right. Lack of sleep has dramatic effects on your physical capabilities and your mental acuity and judgement. You owe it to yourself to do whatever it takes to get a good night?s rest.

Top 10 Ergonomic New Year Resolutions for a Healthy Life | Happy New Year 2013

7. Reduce Stress

In part ergonomics is about reducing stress. Typically it focuses on reducing repetitive stress in a given task. However external stress (physical and mental) can seriously impact that task, not to mention effect your health and put you in a bad mood. For ergonomics to have the best impact on your life all stress should be reduced as much as possible.

8. Get a Check-Up

Getting a physical medical exam should be a priority. It keeps you aware of problems that might be developing and lets you plan to prevent and treat them (that?s where ergonomics can come in). So get an exam, and then listen to what the examiner tells you.

9. Keep a Pain Journal

Keep a pain journal to identify where improvements can be made. Keeping track of your pain is a key indicator of problem areas and tools. Once identified you can take corrective ergonomic actions.

10. Treat Yourself

All this work would be for nothing if you didn?t get a reward. Yes, a healthier life is reward enough. But why don?t we take that healthier life out for a spin or get some cool ergonomic tool to make it even better.

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Tags: Natural Health, Nutrition

Category: Fitness, Natural Heatlh

Source: http://healthylife.com-latest-info.us/top-10-ergonomic-new-year-resolutions-for-a-healthy-life/

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This DIY NAS In a Box Is Portable, Affordable, and Keeps Your Data Safe

This DIY NAS In a Box Is Portable, Affordable, and Keeps Your Data Safe So we've established that the DIY approach is your favorite NAS option, so perhaps this tiny, super-portable NAS in a box would be a good weekend project.

David posted the walkthrough on his own site, and while you'll need to be comfortable with a soldering iron to make this DIY NAS work, it's definitely smaller, more portable, and just as functional as larger off-the-shelf or DIY options. David snagged the server itself for a little over $30, repurposed a pair of old laptop hard drives, some USB-to-IDE cables and a USB hub he snagged off of eBay, and an old tin box he repurposed for the project.

He started with a linux distro made for the server he purchased, but eventually shifted to OpenWRT and built his own image with the specific tools he wanted for his NAS. Best of all, the whole project looks a far sight better than the last NAS in a box we featured. It's definitely an advanced project and will take some time, especially for novices, but if you're a DIY fiend or just like to build rather than buy, this is a project for you.

Baby Server | davidgf.net via Hack a Day

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/lifehacker/full/~3/F9X-VHTeUns/this-diy-nas-in-a-box-is-portable-affordable-and-keeps-your-data-safe

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49ers withstand comeback, top Patriots 41-34

FOXBOROUGH, Mass. (AP) ? LaMichael James awaited the kickoff, determined to regain the momentum for the 49ers after they quickly lost all of a 28-point lead.

"We need a boost," he said. "That's what I was thinking. I was thinking I got to take it to the house."

He didn't get all the way there, but close enough to set up the decisive touchdown ? going 62 yards before Colin Kaepernick's 38-yard pass to Michael Crabtree with 6:25 left ? that helped San Francisco reach the playoffs with a 41-34 win over the New England Patriots on Sunday night.

"We faced adversity," James said. "Nobody flinched."

Now the 49ers have at least a wild-card berth with a 10-3-1 record, knowing a win against division rival Seattle (9-5) next Sunday clinches the AFC West title.

The Patriots (10-4) already had locked up first place in the AFC East with a chance to improve their chances for a first-round bye. They began the day in second place in the race for the two byes but fell behind the Denver Broncos (11-3). The Houston Texans (12-2) hold the top spot.

"We haven't thought about that yet," Tom Brady said. "What's in our control is winning football games."

Doing that on Sunday night seemed almost impossible after the 49ers rolled to a 31-3 lead on Kaepernick's 27-yard touchdown pass to Crabtree five minutes into the third quarter. Only one team in NFL history had won a regular-season game after trailing by 28 ? a 38-35 win by the 49ers over the New Orleans Saints on Dec. 7, 1980.

But with 25 minutes left and Brady at quarterback, the 49ers weren't comfortable.

"Tom is a good quarterback and we knew some adversity was going to come and they were going to make plays sooner or later," linebacker NaVorro Bowman said.

They did ? time after time ? until they had tied the score at 31 on Danny Woodhead's second touchdown, a 1-yard run with 6:43 remaining.

Woodhead began the comeback with a 6-yard touchdown run, Brady scored on a 1-yard sneak on the first play of the fourth quarter and then threw a 5-yard touchdown pass to Aaron Hernandez less than three minutes later. And when Woodhead scored again, the Patriots had their fourth touchdown in 14 minutes, 16 seconds.

But two plays later ? James' kickoff return and Crabtree's catch ? the 49ers were back on top. And this time they stayed there.

David Akers made it 41-31 with a 28-yard field goal with 1:56 to go, Stephen Gostkowski kicked a 41-yarder for New England with 38 seconds remaining and San Francisco sealed the win when Delanie Walker caught the onside kick.

"We just spotted them 28 points," Brady said. "We fought hard, but you can't play poorly against a good team and expect to win. We can't miss plays that we have opportunities with."

For Kaepernick, a second-year pro starting just his fifth game, it was a chance to remain calm even as the big lead disappeared. He finished with 14 completions in 25 attempts for 216 yards and a career-high four touchdowns.

"This is my 17th year of football," he said. "I've been playing since I was eight years old. So, to me, I am going to go out there and I'm going to throw to the guy who is open and you try to keep football simple so your mind can be clear when you're on the field."

It was clear enough for him to throw a short pass to Crabtree then watch him race by cornerback Kyle Arrington for the go-ahead touchdown. That gave the team that had allowed the fewest points this season enough to beat the team that had scored the most.

"We can win a shootout," said Crabtree, who had 107 yards receiving. "Whatever it takes, that's our motto. ... We feel like we can do anything, sky's the limit."

New England, which had won seven straight games, lost for the first time at home in December in 21 games. The Patriots also had won 21 in a row in the second half of the schedule before San Francisco somehow regrouped late in a game it seemingly had clinched long before.

The 49ers forced four turnovers, matching the number of giveaways the Patriots had at home all season.

"I don't think they faced a physical defense like us all season," said San Francisco cornerback Carlos Rogers, who intercepted Brady midway through the first quarter and ran 53 yards to the Patriots 5.

The 49ers were leading 7-0 at the time on Kaepernick's 24-yard touchdown pass to former Patriot Randy Moss. Gostkowski's 32-yard field goal made it 7-3, but San Francisco scored on Kaepernick's 34-yard pass to Walker and David Akers' 20-yard field goal for a 17-3 lead at intermission.

"Everything" went wrong in the first half, Patriots wide receiver Wes Welker said. "A lot of bad football."

Frank Gore then recovered Kaepernick's fumble and ran 9 yards for a touchdown. Two plays later, Aldon Smith intercepted Brady's pass and Kaepernick struck on the next play with his 27-yard pass to Crabtree for a 31-3 lead with 10:21 remaining in the third quarter.

Still plenty of time for Brady.

"I had a feeling we'd be able to come back," he said.

But when the Patriots tied it, a poor job by the kickoff team proved costly.

"I did as much as I could to help the team win," James said.

It was just enough.

NOTES: The 49ers allowed 520 yards after entering the game second in the NFL in fewest yards allowed, 275.5 per game. ... Welker had five catches, giving him 100 and making him the first player in NFL history with that many in five seasons. ... Gore led all rushers with 83 yards on 21 carries. ... Brady was 36 for a career-high 65 for 443 yards, one touchdown and two interceptions.

___

Online: http://pro32.ap.org/poll and http://twitter.com/AP_NFL

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/49ers-withstand-comeback-top-patriots-41-34-120544527--spt.html

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Unfair Warning

Emily Yoffe.

Emily Yoffe

Photograph by Teresa Castracane.

Emily Yoffe, aka Dear Prudence, is on Washingtonpost.com weekly to chat live with readers. An edited?transcript of the chat is below. (Sign up here?to get Dear Prudence delivered to your inbox each week. Read Prudie?s?Slate columns?here. Send questions to Prudence at prudence@slate.com.)

Emily Yoffe: It's been hard to think of anything but the horror that just took place in Connecticut and the agony of those affected. Tragic letters sometimes do come to this column. But mostly people write about day to day frustrations. I do look forward to your questions, but I'm sure all of us will be feeling how lucky we are if we just have normal problems.

Q. Message Failed: 10 years ago, a male colleague and I enjoyed going to sporting events together. He was a bit of a player, but we never dated. He later married a nice woman who, for whatever reason, seemed to have it in for me. We remain friendly at work but don't see each other outside the office except for the very occasional office social event. A couple of months ago his wife, still in her 30s, was diagnosed with Stage 4 ovarian cancer. I sent her a card and note saying I was very sorry to hear this and hoped treatment would go well. In response, I got a diatribe saying I was counting the days until her death so I could get my claws back into her husband, and much more and much worse. Had she sent this only to me, I would have ignored it, but she put it on Facebook! Her husband followed up with a posting saying that, while we were friends, we had never dated and had no romantic interest in each other. I'm debating seconding his comments, or is it better to just leave it alone? I have no idea why she hates me so and assure you we never did anything in the least inappropriate. I feel bad I so enraged a dying woman but can't think of anything I can do to make it right.

A: I hope as social media rules evolve people will come to see that it is wrong and counterproductive to use a public forum to humiliate a spouse to try to make him change, or excoriate an acquaintance for some faux pas, or, as in your case, work out some sad psychological issues. People dealing with devastating illnesses deserve a lot of leeway, but making false accusations is a leeway too far, and I'm glad the husband stepped up to respond to his wife's rant. I'm sure you are embarrassed and humiliated, but I assure you almost everyone reading what she wrote will be appalled and perhaps wonder if the woman's treatment was affecting her judgment. Keep silent. You didn't do anything wrong, but there's nothing you can do to right her fantasies.

Dear Prudence: Hair-Raising Dilemma

Q. Bathroom Sexism: I work in a small office (five men and two women) and we share a unisex bathroom. A few weeks back, somebody put up a sign saying "Please leave the seat upright." I assume that our boss approves since he hasn't taken the sign down. I was extremely indignant by the sign! Even though we girls are the juniormost employees and are in the minority, why should we have to leave the seat upright? This isn't really an issue that I can take up with my boss as he's very formal and reserved and this isn't something that bothers my colleague. Should I suck it up and comply? Or should I rebel by refusing to leave the seat up?

A: The man who put this sign up sure is anal. The guys in your office must have extremely strong thigh muscles if they hover over a seat-less toilet bowl when certain kinds of duty calls. Usually in the battle of the sexes, plumbing version, it's the women who have the upper hand, forcing the men to return the seat to the down position. I've never heard of a directive insisting the toilet set remain up, therefore universally inconveniencing women every time they seek relief. If you take the sign down, it will be pretty clear it was either you or your female co-worker, thus getting you tangled up with the a**hole in the office. Leave the sign alone, but feel free to ignore its directive.

Q. SIL Neglecting Daughter for Facebook?: My husband's sister has always been the annoying person who documents her every single move on Facebook. She had a baby two weeks ago, and I am getting concerned. She updates with pictures, status updates, etc., multiple times an hour?over the course of several hours. Sometimes 10 to 15 updates an hour, spaced every five or so minutes. It's to the point where I am worried that she will spend so much time taking and uploading pictures that her daughter won't get the attention she needs. SIL was like this before with pictures of her pregnant belly, but now there's a child at stake. She freely shares tons of personal information about her daughter?full name, birthdate, etc.?on Facebook, too. I feel awful for my niece, who seems to be more like an accessory to make her mother's life look better than it really is. What can I do?

A: Again, Facebook can be wonderful for letting people know about your poetry reading, or for getting recommendations for places to eat in Venice. But its dark side is that it becomes a forum for the expression of narcissistic personality disorder. I don't even understand how your sister-in-law's schedule is possible. When I had an infant I felt as if I was on a nonstop loop of feeding and changing. It's not so easy to post updates on these activities when your hands are occupied doing it. You obviously don't like your sister-in-law very much ("... to make her mother's life look better than it really is") so try to contain your contempt as you look at this situation. Consider that your sister-in-law is obnoxious, but you're overreacting. Maybe the solution is that you just need get off her FB feed. She may be overly displaying her daughter, but it sure doesn't sound as if she's neglecting her. But if as things unfold you truly worry that things are off with this new mother, then you should have a gentle talk with your husband about your concerns. Maybe his side of the family can give her some guidance on privacy and time management.

Q. Family and the Holidays (Shocking, I Know): My family has always had a difficult time sharing the holidays with my husband's family. Since we moved across the country two years ago, it has become even worse. My husband's family does a very large Christmas brunch, while my family does an early Christmas dinner. My family is mad that they have to push the start of their party back to accommodate my husband's family. Prudie, we eat Christmas dinner at 3:30 p.m.! My family complains that they will only push their party back if my in-laws push their party earlier, which I have asked in the past and they have done, but as I have explained to my family, you can only start Christmas so early in the morning. I have also explained to my family that we eat ridiculously early and that they actually get to spend more time with us on Christmas since we spend all afternoon and evening with them. We can't combine our two families' Christmases (and I wouldn't want to), and I don't know how to make them stop complaining unless we trade Christmases each year, which I really don't want to do since it's the only holiday we get to see everyone at. Help, please! They're turning me into a Grinch.

A: Give up. Tell your family to go ahead and eat when they want. If they then start chowing down at noon, you will get there after they eat, but you should still be full from brunch. Then you can hang out for the afternoon and get a plate of leftovers in the evening. If they want to keep dinner at 3:30, then you show up, let their grumbling roll off you, and get in the true spirit of the season.

Source: http://feeds.slate.com/click.phdo?i=9eac2c6850ee78bef4ba9ce8883878ad

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Commitment-Phobic? Blame Mom and Dad | YourTango

Helicopter Parenting Leads to Commitment-Phobic AdultsIs helicopter parenting to blame for your commitment issues?

A new study shows helicopter parenting is at fault for many of your relationship issues.

It may seem obvious that if your parents never expressed affection with each other, it would affect the way you behave in relationships as an adult. A new study from Tel Aviv University shows that it?s not just our parents interactions with each other that matter, but also the way they interacted with you.?

The study looked at 58 adults between the ages of 22 and 28 and found those who avoid committed romantic relationships were more likely to have had unresponsive or helicopter parents as children. About 22 percent of the participants were ?avoidant? in relationships, meaning they have anxiety about intimacy, are cautious to commit or feel their partner is clingy.?

More from YourTango: 10 Things That Should Never Happen In The Bedroom

While avoidant individuals did express a desire for intimacy in relationships, they were conflicted about this need due to a complex parent-child dynamic from their early years.

According to the study, avoidance occurs when children seek emotional support, but learn to avoid caregivers who are either unresponsive or over-intrusive. As adults, they try to satisfy those unmet childhood needs, looking for relationships in which they're validated and accepted, but can keep our personal issues to themselves.

More from YourTango: The Sandy Hook Tragedy: How You Can Help

As a self-proclaimed commitment phobe, I do have to admit it is nice to have some understanding of where these underlying fears about relationships come from. Even though a therapist told me this exact same thing eight years ago, I was clearly not ready to hear it.

The good news is that these ?attachment? styles are not permanent and can change with new experiences and relationships, according to the study, which I can vouch for. All it takes is some tough romantic love, a few years of mishaps, and an academic study from Tel Aviv.

More juicy content from YourTango:

Source: http://www.yourtango.com/2012168113/commitment-phobic-blame-mom-and-dad

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